Module 1.2 - A Turning Point Event for Environmental Science: Cuyahoga River, OH


Cuyahoga River, OH

cuyahoga river fire 1952
Firemen on a bridge over the Cuyahoga River as a fire, which started in an oil slick, sweeps the docks at the Great Lakes Towing Company site in Cleveland in November 1952. 
https://www.businessinsider.com/vintage-photos-of-cuyahoga-river-on-fire-before-epa-2019-6


1.    Point of View
The last time the Cuyahoga River burned, it brought a very disastrous problem to light. In the short video “Celebrating the Comeback of the Burning River, 1969-2019”, they interview people who had experienced the tragedy firsthand to really explain what a crisis it was. Water does not burn unless there is something outrageously wrong, and people needed to do something about it. They truly show how scary the Cuyahoga River was, and what a feat it was going to be to clean it up. People from all over came together to fix this problem.
2.    Purpose
The purpose of the video “Celebrating the Comeback of the Burning River, 1969-2019” was to show a horrible situation that opened the eyes of society, and made people come together to make significant changes that impacted society for the better. The cleanup of the Cuyahoga River paved the way for cleaning up water all around the world. They put clean water systems in place that are used everywhere. Now the river is celebrated and enjoyed by everyone that visits it!
3.    Questions at Issue
The problem that the people of Ohio are trying to fix now is the removal of the Gorge Dam in Cuyahoga Falls. This large hydroplant was built in the early 1900’s and it never became a functioning hydroplant. If this large concrete structure was removed, the river would return the a naturally flowing stream, fish and other wildlife could travel upstream, and the new white water rapids and waterfalls would bring tourism to Cuyahoga Falls. As a result of the tourism, new restaurants, hotels, and shops would be built by the river that could generate revenue. However, a lot of teamwork and support from community would be needed in order to take the dam out.
4.    Information

The Cuyahoga River caught fire in 1969. Water quality became a big issue in the late sixties and early seventies. The river was tremendously polluted with oil and other toxins so it’s conditions were extremely hazardous. The river had its own unique smell because factories would dump their waste into the river to get rid of it. It was so bad that people thought cleaning the river might be hopeless. They developed an education system where they trained technicians on how to clean water and how to keep it clean. The sewer district invested more than five billion dollars in cleaning up the Cuyahoga River, and industrial discharges became regulated under the Clean Water Act. Now that the river is clean the fish have returned and people use it recreationally.

5.    Interpretation and Inference
In the video “Celebrating the Comeback of the Burning River, 1969-2019” they explain that people all over the world benefitted from what happened to the Cuyahoga River. It made people aware of water quality, and it showed what happens when it gets really bad. Since new systems had to be learned and put into place to clean up the Cuyahoga River, they are now used all over to clean water and keep water clean. Since people are now aware of environmental consequences they need to continue to do better than they have before to improve environments everywhere.
6.    Concepts
Throughout “Celebrating the Comeback of the Burning River, 1969-2019” they use a lot of terms, laws, and companies that some people might not have heard of. Here are a few explained.
·      Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1970 and 1972 (Also known as the Clean Water Act) – “The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 was the first major U.S. law to address water pollution. Growing public awareness and concern for controlling water pollution led to sweeping amendments in 1972.”
o   Established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States.
o   Gave EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry.
o   Maintained existing requirements to set water quality standards for all contaminants in surface waters.
o   Made it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit was obtained under its provisions.
o   Funded the construction of sewage treatment plants under the construction grants program.
o   Recognized the need for planning to address the critical problems posed by non-point source pollution.
·      International Joint Commission - The International Joint Commission is a bi-national organization established by the governments of the United States and Canada under the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909. Its responsibilities were expanded with the signing of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978.
·      Sierra Club - The Sierra Club is the most enduring and influential grassroots environmental organization in the United States.
·      LTV Steel - The third-largest US steelmaker, LTV is a leading supplier to the automotive, appliance, and electrical equipment industries.
·      EPA - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
·      Industrial Discharges - Wastewater discharges from industrial and commercial sources may contain pollutants at levels that could affect the quality of receiving waters or interfere with publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) that receive those discharges.
·      Pretreatment Program – A method to control the pollutants discharged into sanitary sewer systems and used to reduce the amount of pollutants released into the environment.
7.    Assumptions
In “Celebrating the Comeback of the Burning River, 1969-2019” they are very optimistic about the changes made for the Cuyahoga River. They seem to assume that the changes made for that river will make people all over the world take water quality more serious. Unfortunately, there are still parts of the world that continue to pollute their water supply.
8.    Consequences
The consequences of the Cuyahoga River burning have been great! Cleaning up the Cuyahoga River has improved water quality, not only for the Cuyahoga River, but for the entire world. It opened people’s eyes to water pollution, and what happens if it gets out of hand. We have structures, laws, and systems in place to keep water clean because of the disaster on the Cuyahoga. Now, the people of Ohio enjoy a clean river. There are waterside restaurants and shops, and people can now kayak, boat, swim, and fish in the river when just 50 years ago it was extremely hazardous. 

Sources


“History of the Clean Water Act” EPA, Edited on August 8, 2017 https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act Accessed January 28, 2020.

“Role of the IJC” International Joint Commission https://www.ijc.org/en/who/role Accessed January 28, 2020.

“About the Sierra Club” Sierra Club https://www.sierraclub.org/about-sierra-club Accessed January 28, 2020.

“LTV” LTV Steel https://www.ltvsteel.com/ Accessed January 28, 2020.

“National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)” EPA Edited October 7, 2017 https://www.epa.gov/npdes/industrial-wastewater Accessed January 28, 2020.

“Pretreatment” SAWS https://apps.saws.org/environment/ResourceProtComp/industrial/pretreatment.cfm Accessed January 28, 2020.

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